Annan Castle

Built in the 12th century, Annan Castle was one of Scotland's earliest Norman-style motte and bailey castles, constructed to control the strategically important crossing of the River Annan. The castle served as a royal stronghold and administrative center, playing crucial roles in Border conflicts between Scotland and England. Though only the motte (castle mound) survives today, it represents an important phase in Scottish castle development when Norman building techniques were first introduced to Scotland. The site demonstrates the early medieval approach to fortification, using natural topography enhanced by massive earthworks to create an imposing defensive position.